What is the difference between a cold and the flu?

2 weeks ago

Influenza (Flu) vs Common Cold: Key Differences, Symptoms, and When to See a Doctor

The flu and common cold are respiratory illnesses caused by different viruses. While over 200 viruses can cause a cold, with rhinoviruses being the most common, the flu is specifically caused by influenza viruses.

Symptoms and Onset

Flu symptoms are generally more severe and appear suddenly, often including high fever, chills, muscle aches, and extreme fatigue. Cold symptoms, on the other hand, are usually milder and develop gradually, typically starting with a sore throat followed by nasal symptoms and cough.

Complications

Both illnesses can lead to complications, but flu can result in more serious issues like pneumonia, heart inflammation, and brain inflammation, especially in high-risk groups.

Seasonality and Transmission

While colds can occur year-round, flu seasons in Singapore typically peak between December to February and May to July. Both spread through airborne droplets and contact with contaminated surfaces.

Treatment and Prevention

Treatment for colds typically involves rest, hydration, and over-the-counter medications for symptom relief, there is usually no need to see a dr unless symptoms worsen. For Flu, antiviral medications are available and needs to be taken as early as possible (within 48 hours of symptom onset). Annual flu vaccination is recommended as the best prevention method.

At-Risk Groups for Flu Complications

The following people are at higher risk for complications related to influenza infection, therefore should seek medical attention earlier (within 48 hours so antivirals can be prescribed):

Persons aged 65 years or older;
Children aged 6 months to under 5 years;
Adults and children who are immunosuppressed, or suffer with chronic pulmonary or cardiovascular disorders;
Pregnant women

When to See a Doctor

Seek medical attention if you experience:

High fever (over 38.5°C)
Shortness of breath or chest pain
Severe headache or vomiting
Bluish skin colour (in children)
Any symptoms and fall in the at-risk group mentioned above

Remember, a cold cannot turn into flu as they are caused by different viruses, but their overlapping symptoms can make differentiation challenging, hence it’s important to seek medical advice, especially if you fall under the at-risk groups. If you would like to have a flu swab done, feel free to visit any of our doctors. And if you are experiencing any symptoms, wearing a mask can help prevent the spread to vulnerable family members.