ADHD in Children & Adolescents: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Support

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Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental condition that affects children and adolescents, characterized by persistent patterns of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. While the symptoms of ADHD often become apparent in early childhood, they are typically more noticeable when children begin formal schooling. These behaviors can significantly impact a child’s academic performance, social interactions, and overall functioning.

Unfortunately, ADHD is frequently misunderstood, with many children being labelled as “naughty” or “misbehaving.” In reality, ADHD is a neurodevelopmental psychological condition that often co-occurs with other challenges, such as anxiety, low self-esteem, social difficulties, or learning problems.

Types of ADHD

ADHD can be categorized into three primary types, depending on the nature of the symptoms:

Inattentive Type: Difficulty focusing, staying organized, and following through on tasks.
Hyperactive/Impulsive Type: Challenges with staying still, controlling impulses, and waiting for turns.
Combined Type: A combination of both inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity.

Signs and Symptoms of ADHD

Inattention Symptoms:

Difficulty focusing on tasks or even play activities
Trouble following multiple instructions at once
Frequently daydreams and is easily distracted
Often forgetful, disorganized, or loses things
Easily distracted by the environment or other stimuli

Hyperactivity Symptoms:

Extremely talkative and interruptive
Fidgety or squirmy when seated (e.g., tapping hands, kicking feet, or fidgeting with objects)
Inability to stay seated or wait their turn in group settings
Always “on the go” or restlessness
Impulsive behavior, often without considering consequences

Diagnosis and Assessment of ADHD in Children

If you suspect your child may have ADHD, the first step is to seek a psychological assessment. This comprehensive evaluation involves gathering information from multiple sources, including the child, parents, teachers, and other professionals. It helps determine whether ADHD is present, and if so, whether there are any co-existing conditions that need attention as well.

It is important to note that while a child may exhibit behaviors that seem like ADHD, not all children who show these signs will meet the criteria for a formal diagnosis. That’s why a professional assessment is critical for accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment planning.

Therapy, Support, and Treatment for ADHD

ADHD treatment often requires a multi-faceted approach, tailored to the unique needs of each child. Effective interventions may include:

Behavioral Therapy & ADHD Coaching: Techniques to help children manage their symptoms and improve their focus, behavior, and organizational skills.
Parent Training: Guidance for parents on how to provide support, set clear expectations, and manage challenging behaviors.
School Accommodations: Collaboration with schools to create a supportive learning environment, which may include extra time for assignments or exams.
Social Skills Development: Helping children develop better communication and relationship skills with peers.
Medication: In some cases, a paediatrician or psychiatrist may prescribe medication to help manage symptoms of ADHD. Medication can be particularly useful for children with moderate to severe symptoms.

Why Early Diagnosis and Intervention Matter

Early identification and intervention are crucial in helping children with ADHD succeed academically, socially, and emotionally. With the right support, children with ADHD can thrive in school, build positive relationships, and improve their overall quality of life.

Get Professional Help for ADHD Assessment

If you’re concerned your child may have ADHD, a thorough evaluation from a trained professional is the first step. Kavitha Manokaran, a Senior Clinical Psychologist at the International Medical Clinic (IMC), specializes in psychological assessments and therapy for children and adolescents. Kavitha provides ADHD assessments for children aged 7 to 17 years, helping families navigate the diagnosis and treatment process.